The times they are *A*-changin'

Question

Hi,What is meant by such usage of 'a' before a verb?Thank you.

AlpheccaStars · Accepted Answer

In historical English, "a" was frequently added before verb forms. It shows up in old songs, and poetry.

Here is an old Christmas Carol:

Here we come a-caroling,

Among the leaves so green!

Here we come a-wandering,

So fair to be seen!

Love and joy come to you,

And to you glad Christmas too,

And *** bless you and send you,

A Happy New Year,

And *** send you a Happy New Year!

And here are a couple of more detailed explanations:

a- (1) in native (derived from O.E.) words, it most commonly represents O.E. an "on" (see a (2)), as in alive, asleep, abroad, afoot, etc., forming adjectives and adverbs from nouns; but it also can be M.E. of, as in anew, abreast (1590s); or a reduced form of O.E. pp. prefix ge-, as in aware; or the O.E. intens. a-, as in arise, awake, ashame, marking a verb as momentary, a single event.

Prefixing a- to verb forms ending in -ing, as in a-hunting and a-fishing, was once fairly common in vernacular U.S. speech, particularly in the highland areas of the South and in the Southwest. Such verb forms derive from an Old English construction in which a preposition, usually on, was placed in front of a verbal noun: a verb to which ~~ing had been added to indicate that the action was extended or ongoing. Gradually such prepositions were shortened to a~~ by the common linguistic process that shortens or drops unaccented syllables. The ~~ing forms came to be regarded as present participles rather than verbal nouns, and the use of a~~ was extended to genuine present participles as well as to verbal nouns. Eventually a- disappeared from many dialects, including Standard English in the United States and Great Britain, although it is still retained today in some isolated dialect areas, particularly among older speakers. Today, speakers who use the a- prefix do not use it with all ~~ing words, nor do they use it randomly. Rather, a~~ is only used with -ing words that function as part of a verb phrase, as in She was a-running

Coloraday · Answer

Thank you very much, AlpheccaStars. :-)

The times they are A-changin'

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