{"id":3248,"date":"2026-07-31T10:29:06","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T10:29:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.englishforward.com\/blog\/?p=3248"},"modified":"2026-10-15T03:29:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T03:29:35","slug":"years-old-or-years-old-when-the-hyphen-is-required","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.englishforward.com\/blog\/years-old-or-years-old-when-the-hyphen-is-required\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Year-Old&#8221; or &#8220;Years Old&#8221;? When to Use Hyphens"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Before a noun, use hyphens and the singular: <em>a five-year-old girl<\/em>. After the noun, use no hyphens and the plural: <em>the girl is five years old<\/em>.<\/strong> The hyphenated form is always &#8220;year-old&#8221;, never &#8220;years-old&#8221;. This guide covers the rules, the noun form (<em>a five-year-old<\/em>), common mistakes, and the number style used by different writing guides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Written by Mitch Rankin, CEO and owner of EnglishForward.com since 2018. Last reviewed 9 October 2026.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The rules<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Before a noun: hyphens, singular &#8220;year&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The whole phrase works as one adjective in front of a noun, so the words are joined and &#8220;year&#8221; stays singular, like &#8220;a ten-minute walk&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>She has a <strong>five-year-old<\/strong> daughter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They bought a <strong>100-year-old<\/strong> house.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a <strong>ten-year-old<\/strong> company.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. After the noun: no hyphens, plural &#8220;years&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the age comes after &#8220;is&#8221;, &#8220;was&#8221; or another verb, it is not squeezed in front of a noun, so there are no hyphens and &#8220;years&#8221; is plural (for any number above one).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Her daughter is <strong>five years old<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The house is <strong>100 years old<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Our company is <strong>ten years old<\/strong> today.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. As a noun: hyphens, and add -s for more than one.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the phrase stands for a person, the noun is understood and the hyphens stay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>five-year-old<\/strong> loved the playground.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The programme is for <strong>ten-year-olds<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quick reference<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Position<\/th><th>Form<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>Before a noun<\/td><td>n-year-old (singular)<\/td><td>a 6-year-old child<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>After the noun<\/td><td>n years old (plural, no hyphens)<\/td><td>The child is 6 years old.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Standing for a person<\/td><td>n-year-old<\/td><td>The 6-year-old ran outside.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Several people<\/td><td>n-year-olds<\/td><td>Activities for 6-year-olds<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Age of exactly one<\/td><td>one year old<\/td><td>The baby is one year old.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common mistakes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. &#8220;Years&#8221; inside the hyphenated phrase<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Not correct: <em>a ten-years-old boy<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Correct: <em>a ten-year-old boy<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Also correct: <em>The boy is ten years old.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. No hyphens before the noun<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Not correct: <em>We bought a thirty year old car.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Correct: <em>We bought a thirty-year-old car.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some publications, especially in British English, leave out the hyphens in informal writing. The hyphens are the safer, standard choice, and they make the meaning clearer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Hyphens after the noun<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Not correct: <em>The boy is ten-years-old.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Correct: <em>The boy is ten years old.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Figures or words?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Style guides differ, so follow the one your school, newspaper or employer uses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Style<\/th><th>Rule for ages<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>AP style (US news)<\/td><td>Always figures<\/td><td>a 5-year-old girl<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chicago style (books, academic)<\/td><td>Usually words for numbers under 100<\/td><td>a five-year-old girl<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whichever you choose, be consistent in the same document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The same rule for other units<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pattern works for any measurement used as an adjective before a noun: the unit stays singular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a two-week holiday (not <em>a two weeks holiday<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a three-hour flight<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a six-month-old baby, but <em>the baby is six months old<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a 10-kilometre run<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Is it &#8220;year old&#8221; or &#8220;years old&#8221;?<\/strong> Use &#8220;year&#8221; (singular, with hyphens) before a noun, and &#8220;years&#8221; (plural, no hyphens) after it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why is &#8220;year&#8221; singular in &#8220;five-year-old&#8221;?<\/strong> In a compound adjective the unit stays singular, as in <em>a five-minute break<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How do I write ages in a list or form?<\/strong> Write the number only (&#8220;Age: 6&#8221;) or &#8220;6 years old&#8221;. Hyphens are not needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What about a baby under one?<\/strong> <em>A six-month-old baby<\/em> (before a noun), <em>the baby is six months old<\/em> (after).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>One common mistake English learners make is forgetting the hyphen when an age is used before a noun. For example, write \u201ca 10-year-old boy,\u201d but \u201cthe boy is 10 years old\u201d because the age follows the verb and is not acting as an adjective. A simple rule to remember is that age descriptions before a noun use a hyphen and \u201cyear\u201d stays singular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related guides<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.englishforward.com\/blog\/meant-or-meant-the-correct-spelling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meant or Mean&#8217;t? The correct spelling<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Have a hyphen question? Ask it in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.englishforward.com\/blog\/years-old-or-years-old\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English Forward community thread<\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Before a noun, use hyphens and the singular: a five-year-old girl. After the noun, use no hyphens and the plural: the girl is five years &#8230; <a title=\"&#8220;Year-Old&#8221; or &#8220;Years Old&#8221;? When to Use Hyphens\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.englishforward.com\/blog\/years-old-or-years-old-when-the-hyphen-is-required\/\" aria-label=\"More on &#8220;Year-Old&#8221; or &#8220;Years Old&#8221;? When to Use Hyphens\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2484,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[286,288,289,292,300,305],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-english","category-english-forward","category-essay-writing","category-grammar","category-skills","category-writing","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&quot;Year-Old&quot; or &quot;Years Old&quot;? When to Use Hyphens - English Forward<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Use hyphens and singular &quot;year&quot; before a noun (a five-year-old girl). 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