{"id":2025,"date":"2020-11-23T22:48:42","date_gmt":"2020-11-23T21:48:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.englishforums.com\/blog\/?p=2025"},"modified":"2026-08-08T10:57:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T10:57:09","slug":"which-means-how-to-use-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.englishforward.com\/blog\/which-means-how-to-use-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Which Means: How to Use It"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 data-path-to-node=\"5\">Which Means or Which Mean? Grammar Rules, Usage, and Examples<\/h1>\n<blockquote data-path-to-node=\"6\">\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Quick Summary:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,1\">Use <b data-path-to-node=\"6,1\" data-index-in-node=\"4\">&#8220;which means&#8221;<\/b> when referring to a singular noun or an entire clause\/statement (e.g., <i data-path-to-node=\"6,1\" data-index-in-node=\"89\">&#8220;He is ill, which means no class today&#8221;<\/i>). Use <b data-path-to-node=\"6,1\" data-index-in-node=\"135\">&#8220;which mean&#8221;<\/b> only when referring back to a plural noun (e.g., <i data-path-to-node=\"6,1\" data-index-in-node=\"197\">&#8220;The symbols which mean &#8216;welcome&#8217; are on the sign&#8221;<\/i>). In English grammar, &#8220;which&#8221; is a relative pronoun that links causes to their effects or provides additional details.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"8\">Introduction: Understanding the Power of &#8220;Which&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9\">Grammar can feel confusing when phrases sound right in speech but cause uncertainty in writing. One common expression that creates confusion for English language learners is <b data-path-to-node=\"9\" data-index-in-node=\"174\">&#8220;which means.&#8221;<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10\">You encounter &#8220;which means&#8221; constantly in daily conversations, academic papers, news articles, and business presentations. It serves as a bridge, connecting a cause, fact, or statement to its logical explanation or result.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11\">However, writers often struggle with the mechanics behind it:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"12\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12,0,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"12,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Should I say &#8220;which means&#8221; or &#8220;which mean&#8221;?<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12,1,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"12,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">How is &#8220;which&#8221; different from &#8220;that&#8221; or &#8220;who&#8221;?<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12,2,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"12,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">What does the formal expression &#8220;by which means&#8221; mean?<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13\">This comprehensive guide breaks down the relative pronoun <b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"58\">&#8220;which,&#8221;<\/b> subject-verb agreement rules for <b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"100\">&#8220;means&#8221;<\/b> versus <b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"115\">&#8220;mean,&#8221;<\/b> and practical synonyms to help you vary your writing style with confidence.<\/p>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"15\">What Does &#8220;Which&#8221; Do in a Sentence? (Relative Pronouns Explained)<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16\">To understand how &#8220;which means&#8221; works, we first need to establish the word class of <b data-path-to-node=\"16\" data-index-in-node=\"84\">&#8220;which.&#8221;<\/b> In English grammar, &#8220;which&#8221; functions as a <b data-path-to-node=\"16\" data-index-in-node=\"136\">relative pronoun<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17\">A relative pronoun relates back to another noun in the sentence (called the <i data-path-to-node=\"17\" data-index-in-node=\"76\">antecedent<\/i>). That noun can be explicitly mentioned earlier in the sentence or implied by the context.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"18\">According to the <a class=\"ng-star-inserted\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQ_4QMahgKEwi5mdvd64-WAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQ2wQ\">Cambridge Dictionary<\/a>, relative pronouns introduce a <b data-path-to-node=\"18\" data-index-in-node=\"69\">relative clause<\/b>\u2014a clause that adds extra information to a sentence.<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block ng-tns-c2065955761-146 ng-animate-disabled ng-trigger ng-trigger-codeBlockRevealAnimation\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQhtANahgKEwi5mdvd64-WAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQ3AQ\">\n<div class=\"formatted-code-block-internal-container ng-tns-c2065955761-146\">\n<div class=\"animated-opacity ng-tns-c2065955761-146\">\n<pre class=\"ng-tns-c2065955761-146\"><code class=\"code-container formatted ng-tns-c2065955761-146 no-decoration-radius\" role=\"text\" data-test-id=\"code-content\">Sentence Extension via Relative Clause:\r\n\r\n  Base Sentence:     \"There is the school...\"\r\n  Relative Clause:   \"...WHICH has 2,000 students.\"\r\n  Combined Result:   \"There is the school WHICH has 2,000 students.\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"20\">1. Referring to Explicit Nouns vs. Entire Clauses<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"21\">Look at how &#8220;which&#8221; operates differently in these two sentences:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"22\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"22,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"22,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Example A:<\/b> <i data-path-to-node=\"22,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"11\">&#8220;There&#8217;s the school <b data-path-to-node=\"22,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"31\">which<\/b> has 2,000 students.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"22,0,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"22,0,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">(Here, &#8220;which&#8221; refers specifically to the single noun &#8220;school.&#8221;)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"22,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"22,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Example B:<\/b> <i data-path-to-node=\"22,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"11\">&#8220;He is unhappy, <b data-path-to-node=\"22,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"27\">which<\/b> means we are unhappy.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"22,1,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"22,1,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">(Here, &#8220;which&#8221; does not refer to a single word; it represents the <b data-path-to-node=\"22,1,1\" data-index-in-node=\"66\">entire previous statement<\/b> &#8220;He is unhappy.&#8221;)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"23\">2. &#8220;Which&#8221; vs. &#8220;That&#8221; vs. &#8220;Who&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24\">Choosing the correct relative pronoun depends on what you are describing:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"25\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"25,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Who:<\/b> Used exclusively for people (<i data-path-to-node=\"25,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"34\">&#8220;He is the man <b data-path-to-node=\"25,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"49\">who<\/b> stole the bread&#8221;<\/i>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"25,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Which:<\/b> Used for animals, objects, ideas, or whole statements (<i data-path-to-node=\"25,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"62\">&#8220;I like cameras <b data-path-to-node=\"25,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"78\">which<\/b> come with a stand&#8221;<\/i>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"25,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">That:<\/b> Used for animals, objects, and people in restrictive relative clauses (<i data-path-to-node=\"25,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"77\">&#8220;I like cameras <b data-path-to-node=\"25,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"93\">that<\/b> come with a stand&#8221;<\/i>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"26\">As noted by <a class=\"ng-star-inserted\" href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQ_4QMahgKEwi5mdvd64-WAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQ3QQ\">The Writing Center<\/a>, in restrictive relative clauses (where the information is essential to define the noun), many writers prefer &#8220;that&#8221; over &#8220;which&#8221; in American English, though both are grammatically valid. However, when referring back to an entire independent clause (as in Example B above), <b data-path-to-node=\"26\" data-index-in-node=\"305\">you must use &#8220;which,&#8221; not &#8220;that.&#8221;<\/b><\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"27\">3. &#8220;Which&#8221; in Questions (Restricted Options vs. &#8220;What&#8221;)<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"28\">When forming questions, &#8220;which&#8221; can refer to an implicit noun suggested by context.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"29\">Unlike &#8220;what&#8221; questions, which are open-ended with unlimited answers, &#8220;which&#8221; questions limit the options to a specific, restricted set:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"30\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"30,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"30,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Open Choice (&#8220;What&#8221;):<\/b> <i data-path-to-node=\"30,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"22\">&#8220;What song is best?&#8221;<\/i> (Any song in the world can be the answer).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"30,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"30,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Restricted Choice (&#8220;Which&#8221;):<\/b> <i data-path-to-node=\"30,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"29\">&#8220;Which song is best: &#8216;Don&#8217;t Stop the Music&#8217; or &#8216;Funky Town&#8217;?&#8221;<\/i> (The answer is restricted to the options presented).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"32\">&#8220;Which Means&#8221; vs. &#8220;Which Mean&#8221;: Subject-Verb Agreement Rules<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"33\">A common point of confusion is deciding whether to add an <b data-path-to-node=\"33\" data-index-in-node=\"58\">-s<\/b> to the verb: <i data-path-to-node=\"33\" data-index-in-node=\"74\">Is it &#8220;which means&#8221; or &#8220;which mean&#8221;?<\/i><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"34\">Because &#8220;which&#8221; is a pronoun, it takes its grammatical number (singular or plural) from the noun or statement it represents. The conjugation of the verb that follows must agree with that reference point.<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block ng-tns-c2065955761-147 ng-animate-disabled ng-trigger ng-trigger-codeBlockRevealAnimation\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQhtANahgKEwi5mdvd64-WAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQ3gQ\">\n<div class=\"formatted-code-block-internal-container ng-tns-c2065955761-147\">\n<div class=\"animated-opacity ng-tns-c2065955761-147\">\n<pre class=\"ng-tns-c2065955761-147\"><code class=\"code-container formatted ng-tns-c2065955761-147 no-decoration-radius\" role=\"text\" data-test-id=\"code-content\">Subject-Verb Agreement Blueprint:\r\n\r\n  [ Plural Noun ]    + WHICH  ---&gt;  MEAN   (No -s)\r\n  [ Singular Noun ]  + WHICH  ---&gt;  MEANS  (Add -s)\r\n  [ Whole Clause ]   + WHICH  ---&gt;  MEANS  (Default Singular)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"36\">Rule 1: Use &#8220;Which Means&#8221; for Singular Nouns<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"37\">When &#8220;which&#8221; represents a single person, place, object, or concept, use the 3rd-person singular verb <b data-path-to-node=\"37\" data-index-in-node=\"101\">means<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"38\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"38,0,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"38,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;A loud <b data-path-to-node=\"38,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"8\">bark<\/b>, which <b data-path-to-node=\"38,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"20\">means<\/b> the dog is getting hungry, makes the house shake.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"38,0,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"38,0,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">(The singular noun &#8220;bark&#8221; dictates the singular verb &#8220;means.&#8221;)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"39\">Rule 2: Use &#8220;Which Means&#8221; for Entire Clauses<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"40\">When &#8220;which&#8221; represents a full clause or situation, the verb defaults to the 3rd-person singular <b data-path-to-node=\"40\" data-index-in-node=\"97\">means<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"41\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"41,0,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"41,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;There is so much rain, which <b data-path-to-node=\"41,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"30\">means<\/b> that the group of kids should come inside.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"41,0,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"41,0,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">(The entire clause &#8220;There is so much rain&#8221; is treated as a single situation, requiring &#8220;means.&#8221;)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"42\">Rule 3: Use &#8220;Which Mean&#8221; for Plural Nouns<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"43\">When &#8220;which&#8221; represents a plural noun phrase, drop the &#8220;-s&#8221; and use the 3rd-person plural verb <b data-path-to-node=\"43\" data-index-in-node=\"95\">mean<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"44\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"44,0,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"44,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;The <b data-path-to-node=\"44,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"5\">symbols<\/b> which <b data-path-to-node=\"44,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"19\">mean<\/b> &#8216;welcome&#8217; are written on the entrance sign.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"44,0,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"44,0,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">(The plural noun &#8220;symbols&#8221; dictates the plural verb &#8220;mean.&#8221;)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"46\">What Does &#8220;By Which Means&#8221; Mean?<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"47\">You may occasionally encounter the three-word phrase <b data-path-to-node=\"47\" data-index-in-node=\"53\">&#8220;by which means.&#8221;<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"48\">This expression looks similar to &#8220;which means,&#8221; but it functions differently. In &#8220;by which means,&#8221; the word <b data-path-to-node=\"48\" data-index-in-node=\"108\">&#8220;means&#8221;<\/b> is not a verb\u2014it is a <b data-path-to-node=\"48\" data-index-in-node=\"138\">plural noun<\/b> meaning <i data-path-to-node=\"48\" data-index-in-node=\"158\">methods, resources, or ways of achieving a goal<\/i>.<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"49\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"49,0,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"49,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;I don&#8217;t have the <b data-path-to-node=\"49,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"18\">means<\/b> to live independently.&#8221;<\/i> (Means = financial resources)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"49,1,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"49,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;In the coming days, the government decided <b data-path-to-node=\"49,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"44\">by which means<\/b> they would tackle this problem.&#8221;<\/i> (By which means = by which specific methods)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"50\">Using &#8220;by <b data-path-to-node=\"50\" data-index-in-node=\"10\">which<\/b> means&#8221; implies that a specific, limited set of methods has been chosen, whereas &#8220;by <b data-path-to-node=\"50\" data-index-in-node=\"100\">what<\/b> means&#8221; leaves the methods open to any possibility.<\/p>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"52\">6 Useful Synonyms for &#8220;Which Means That&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"53\">Using &#8220;which means that&#8221; repeatedly in an essay or report can make your writing feel repetitive. You can improve your style by substituting these 6 context-specific synonyms:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"54\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"54,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Which is why<\/b> (Best for casual \/ everyday context):<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,0,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"54,0,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;I found clearer answers in the dictionary, <b data-path-to-node=\"54,0,1\" data-index-in-node=\"44\">which is why<\/b> I used it instead of searching online.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"54,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">In such a way that<\/b> (Best for describing processes):<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,1,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"54,1,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;He organized his desk <b data-path-to-node=\"54,1,1\" data-index-in-node=\"23\">in such a way that<\/b> he could quickly find important documents.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"54,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">In order that \/ So that<\/b> (Best for formal purpose):<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,2,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"54,2,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;I packed your bags <b data-path-to-node=\"54,2,1\" data-index-in-node=\"20\">in order that<\/b> you can leave before traffic begins.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"54,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">With the result that<\/b> (Best for showing outcomes):<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,3,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"54,3,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;The audit was conducted <b data-path-to-node=\"54,3,1\" data-index-in-node=\"25\">with the result that<\/b> five major security errors were discovered.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,4,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"54,4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">As a result of which<\/b> (Best for formal cause-and-effect):<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,4,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"54,4,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;Several windows were damaged during the storm, <b data-path-to-node=\"54,4,1\" data-index-in-node=\"48\">as a result of which<\/b> repairs were ordered.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,5,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"54,5,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Whereby<\/b> (Best for formal details \/ &#8220;by which&#8221;):<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"54,5,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"54,5,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;The company established a system <b data-path-to-node=\"54,5,1\" data-index-in-node=\"34\">whereby<\/b> employees can work remotely twice a week.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"56\">Summary Comparison Table<\/h2>\n<table data-path-to-node=\"57\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Expression<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Grammatical Function<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Agreement Rule<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Example Sentence<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"57,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Which means<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,1,1,0\">Relative pronoun + Singular verb<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,1,2,0\">Modifies singular nouns or entire clauses<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,1,3,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"57,1,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;The teacher is ill, <b data-path-to-node=\"57,1,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"21\">which means<\/b> class is canceled.&#8221;<\/i><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"57,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Which mean<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,2,1,0\">Relative pronoun + Plural verb<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,2,2,0\">Modifies plural nouns<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,2,3,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"57,2,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;The signs <b data-path-to-node=\"57,2,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"11\">which mean<\/b> &#8216;stop&#8217; are painted red.&#8221;<\/i><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"57,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">By which means<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,3,1,0\">Preposition + Pronoun + Noun<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,3,2,0\">&#8220;Means&#8221; acts as a noun (methods\/resources)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,3,3,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"57,3,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;They agreed upon <b data-path-to-node=\"57,3,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"18\">by which means<\/b> to fund the project.&#8221;<\/i><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,4,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"57,4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Which is why<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,4,1,0\">Informal transition phrase<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,4,2,0\">Replaces &#8220;which means that&#8221; in speech<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"57,4,3,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"57,4,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">&#8220;It was raining, <b data-path-to-node=\"57,4,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"17\">which is why<\/b> we stayed home.&#8221;<\/i><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"59\">Practice Exercise: Test Your Knowledge<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"60\">Choose the correct option to complete each sentence:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"61\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,0,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"61,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The company introduced new safety rules, ________ fewer workplace accidents.<\/i><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,0,1\">a) which mean<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,0,2\">b) which means<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,0,3\">c) by what means<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,1,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"61,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, ________ &#8220;life and health,&#8221; were carved into the stone.<\/i><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,1,1\">a) which mean<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,1,2\">b) which means<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,1,3\">c) whereby<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,2,0\"><i data-path-to-node=\"61,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Which pronoun is required when referring exclusively to a person?<\/i><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,2,1\">a) Which<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,2,2\">b) Who<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"61,2,3\">c) That<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"62\"><i data-path-to-node=\"62\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">(Answers: 1 = b, 2 = a, 3 = b)<\/i><\/p>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"64\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"65\">Is &#8220;which means&#8221; formal or informal?<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"66\">&#8220;Which means&#8221; is grammatically neutral. It is widely accepted in both casual speech and formal writing. In highly academic papers, you can alternate it with formal transitions like &#8220;thereby,&#8221; &#8220;as a result of which,&#8221; or &#8220;consequently.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"67\">Can you start a sentence with &#8220;Which means&#8221;?<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"68\">In formal writing, starting a sentence with &#8220;Which means&#8230;&#8221; creates a sentence fragment because relative clauses are dependent clauses. However, in casual dialogue or creative writing, writers sometimes use it for stylistic emphasis (e.g., <i data-path-to-node=\"68\" data-index-in-node=\"241\">&#8220;He missed the last train. Which means he&#8217;s stuck here.&#8221;<\/i>).<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"69\">Is the &#8220;that&#8221; in &#8220;which means that&#8221; optional?<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"70\">Yes. In the phrase &#8220;which means that there is no class,&#8221; the word &#8220;that&#8221; is a conjunction introducing an object clause and can be safely omitted (e.g., <i data-path-to-node=\"70\" data-index-in-node=\"152\">&#8220;which means there is no class&#8221;<\/i>). Omitting &#8220;that&#8221; often improves sentence flow and avoids awkward phrasing like &#8220;means that that&#8230;&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"72\">Master English Grammar and Relative Clauses<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"73\">Understanding how relative pronouns like <b data-path-to-node=\"73\" data-index-in-node=\"41\">&#8220;which&#8221;<\/b> operate helps you build complex, fluid sentences that clearly convey cause and effect.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"74\">To continue expanding your knowledge of prepositions, relative clauses, and sentence structure, explore our complete library of educational guides on the <b data-path-to-node=\"74\" data-index-in-node=\"154\"><a class=\"ng-star-inserted\" href=\"https:\/\/www.englishforward.com\/blog\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQ_4QMahgKEwi5mdvd64-WAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQ4QQ\">English Forward Grammar Hub<\/a><\/b>.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"75\">Have a question about relative clauses or subject-verb agreement? Share your sentence in the <b data-path-to-node=\"75\" data-index-in-node=\"93\"><a class=\"ng-star-inserted\" href=\"https:\/\/www.englishforward.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQ_4QMahgKEwi5mdvd64-WAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQ4gQ\">English Forward Language Community Forum<\/a><\/b> to receive helpful feedback from certified ESL teachers and native speakers!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which Means or Which Mean? Grammar Rules, Usage, and Examples Quick Summary: Use &#8220;which means&#8221; when referring to a singular noun or an entire clause\/statement &#8230; <a title=\"Which Means: How to Use It\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.englishforward.com\/blog\/which-means-how-to-use-it\/\" aria-label=\"More on Which Means: How to Use It\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2037,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[292],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Which Means: How to Use It - English Forward<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn when to use &#039;which means&#039; vs. &#039;which mean&#039;. 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